References

1. Savella (milnacipran HCl) prescribing information. Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc. St Louis, MO.
2. Stahl SM. Here today and not gone tomorrow: the curse of chronic pain and other central sensitization syndromes [Brainstorms]. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64(8):863-864.
3. Russell IJ, Vaeroy H, Javors M, Nyberg F. Cerebrospinal fluid biogenic amine metabolites in fibromyalgia/fibrositis syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthitis Rheum. 1992;35:550-556.
4. Wolfe F, Russell IJ, Vipraio G, Ross K, Anderson J. Serotonin levels, pain threshold, and fibromyalgia symptoms in the general population. J Rheumatol. 1997;24:555-559.
5. Gracely RH, Petzke F, Wolf JM, Clauw DJ. Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence of augmented pain processing in fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46(5):1333-1343.
6. Yoshimura M, Furue H. Mechanisms for the anti-nociceptive actions of the descending noradrenergic and serotonergic systems in the spinal cord. J Pharmacol Sci. 2006;101(2):107-117.
7. Stahl SM. Pain and the treatment of fibromyalgia and functional somatic syndromes. In: Essential Psychopharmacology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press;2007:773-814.
8. Bennett R. National Fibromyalgia Association. An overview for the newly diagnosed patient. Updated: July 7, 2008. http://www.fmaware.org/site/PageServer?pagename=fibromyalgia_overview. Accessed July 7, 2008.
9. NIAMS/National Institutes of Health. Questions and Answers About Fibromyalgia. Bethesda, MD: NIAMS/NIH;2004. NIH Publication No. 04-5326. http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Fibromyalgia/. Accessed July 7, 2008.
10. Goldenberg DL, Burckhardt C, Crofford L. Management of fibromyalgia syndrome. JAMA. 2004;292(19):2388-2395.
11. National Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists. What is cognitive behavioral therapy? National Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists. Updated: April 5, 2007. http://nacbt.org/whatiscbt.htm. Accessed July 7, 2008.
12. American College of Rheumatology. Fibromyalgia. American College of Rheumatology. Updated: June 1, 2008. http://www.rheumatology.org/public/factsheets/diseases_and_conditions/fibromyalgia.asp?aud=pat. Accessed July 7, 2008.
13. Clauw DJ, Mease P, Palmer RH, Gendreau RM, Wang Y. Milnacipran for the treatment of fibromyalgia in adults: a 15-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose clinical trial. Clin Ther. 2008;30(11):1988-2004.
14. Mease PJ, Clauw DJ, Gendreau RM, et al. The efficacy and safety of milnacipran for treatment of fibromyalgia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Rheumatol. 2009;36(2):398-409.